Table 32. Median years to doctorate, by sex, citizenship status, ethnicity, race, and broad field of study: 2016
Time to degree and demographic characteristic |
All fields |
Life sciencesa |
Physical sciences and earth sciences |
Mathematics and computer sciences |
Psychology and social sciences |
Engineering |
Education |
Humanities and arts |
Otherb |
Median |
Number |
Median |
Number |
Median |
Number |
Median |
Number |
Median |
Number |
Median |
Number |
Median |
Number |
Median |
Number |
Median |
Number |
Years since bachelor's |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All doctorate recipientsc |
8.8 |
51,081 |
8.2 |
11,793 |
6.9 |
5,873 |
7.9 |
3,680 |
9.5 |
8,380 |
7.3 |
8,797 |
15.0 |
4,796 |
11.0 |
5,083 |
11.2 |
2,679 |
Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
8.3 |
27,563 |
8.0 |
5,263 |
7.0 |
4,024 |
7.8 |
2,790 |
9.6 |
3,489 |
7.4 |
6,755 |
14.6 |
1,456 |
11.0 |
2,439 |
11.0 |
1,347 |
Female |
9.3 |
23,518 |
8.3 |
6,530 |
6.8 |
1,849 |
7.9 |
890 |
9.5 |
4,891 |
7.0 |
2,042 |
15.0 |
3,340 |
11.0 |
2,644 |
11.5 |
1,332 |
Citizenship status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. citizen or permanent resident |
9.1 |
34,941 |
8.0 |
8,508 |
6.6 |
3,620 |
7.4 |
1,688 |
9.6 |
6,626 |
6.8 |
4,101 |
15.4 |
4,222 |
11.0 |
4,371 |
12.3 |
1,805 |
Temporary visa holder |
8.3 |
15,683 |
8.4 |
3,200 |
7.4 |
2,201 |
8.0 |
1,967 |
9.4 |
1,665 |
7.6 |
4,613 |
11.7 |
533 |
11.1 |
653 |
9.9 |
851 |
Ethnicity and race (U.S. citizens and permanent residents) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hispanic or Latino |
9.3 |
2,511 |
7.7 |
648 |
6.7 |
183 |
7.0 |
95 |
9.9 |
569 |
7.0 |
269 |
13.7 |
318 |
11.0 |
311 |
13.4 |
118 |
Not Hispanic or Latino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
American Indian or Alaska Native |
13.4 |
122 |
11.0 |
26 |
5.7 |
6 |
D |
D |
12.3 |
29 |
15.4 |
8 |
16.8 |
29 |
15.2 |
18 |
D |
D |
Asian |
8.8 |
3,006 |
8.3 |
890 |
7.0 |
297 |
8.7 |
208 |
10.1 |
411 |
7.2 |
629 |
13.9 |
206 |
12.3 |
177 |
11.0 |
188 |
Black or African American |
12.0 |
2,304 |
10.3 |
497 |
8.1 |
90 |
10.1 |
77 |
11.3 |
482 |
9.6 |
171 |
15.4 |
630 |
12.0 |
168 |
16.0 |
189 |
White |
9.0 |
25,220 |
8.0 |
6,040 |
6.6 |
2,861 |
7.3 |
1,196 |
9.3 |
4,758 |
6.6 |
2,776 |
16.0 |
2,862 |
10.9 |
3,496 |
12.0 |
1,231 |
More than one race |
8.6 |
1,025 |
7.9 |
260 |
6.7 |
110 |
6.1 |
64 |
9.3 |
216 |
7.0 |
120 |
13.3 |
101 |
11.0 |
111 |
12.0 |
43 |
Other race or race not reported |
10.3 |
246 |
8.8 |
45 |
7.0 |
17 |
D |
D |
10.9 |
64 |
7.2 |
34 |
15.6 |
31 |
10.9 |
26 |
D |
D |
Ethnicity not reported |
9.0 |
507 |
8.0 |
102 |
6.8 |
56 |
6.9 |
30 |
9.2 |
97 |
6.8 |
94 |
16.0 |
45 |
14.3 |
64 |
13.7 |
19 |
Years since entering graduate school |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All doctorate recipientsd |
7.3 |
49,842 |
6.7 |
11,649 |
6.1 |
5,754 |
6.9 |
3,598 |
7.9 |
8,087 |
6.5 |
8,574 |
11.7 |
4,621 |
9.3 |
4,953 |
9.0 |
2,606 |
Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
7.1 |
26,969 |
6.7 |
5,217 |
6.2 |
3,942 |
6.9 |
2,739 |
7.8 |
3,377 |
6.7 |
6,603 |
11.7 |
1,409 |
9.2 |
2,373 |
8.7 |
1,309 |
Female |
7.7 |
22,873 |
6.7 |
6,432 |
6.0 |
1,812 |
7.0 |
859 |
7.9 |
4,710 |
6.3 |
1,971 |
11.9 |
3,212 |
9.3 |
2,580 |
9.2 |
1,297 |
Citizenship status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. citizen or permanent resident |
7.5 |
34,087 |
6.7 |
8,399 |
6.0 |
3,552 |
6.7 |
1,643 |
7.7 |
6,411 |
6.0 |
3,978 |
12.3 |
4,076 |
9.3 |
4,271 |
9.6 |
1,757 |
Temporary visa holder |
7.3 |
15,497 |
7.3 |
3,193 |
6.7 |
2,174 |
7.0 |
1,937 |
8.2 |
1,631 |
6.7 |
4,554 |
9.2 |
520 |
9.7 |
654 |
8.3 |
834 |
Ethnicity and race (U.S. citizens and permanent residents) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hispanic or Latino |
7.7 |
2,413 |
6.7 |
635 |
6.0 |
173 |
6.7 |
89 |
8.0 |
532 |
6.3 |
266 |
11.0 |
305 |
9.7 |
300 |
10.0 |
113 |
Not Hispanic or Latino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
American Indian or Alaska Native |
10.3 |
121 |
9.5 |
25 |
6.1 |
8 |
D |
D |
8.8 |
30 |
11.2 |
8 |
D |
D |
13.7 |
19 |
D |
D |
Asian |
7.3 |
2,996 |
7.0 |
894 |
6.0 |
296 |
7.0 |
207 |
8.3 |
412 |
6.3 |
624 |
11.0 |
198 |
10.3 |
179 |
9.0 |
186 |
Black or African American |
9.8 |
2,240 |
8.0 |
499 |
6.7 |
91 |
8.7 |
73 |
9.7 |
469 |
7.7 |
165 |
12.7 |
597 |
9.7 |
164 |
11.8 |
182 |
White |
7.3 |
24,898 |
6.4 |
6,020 |
6.0 |
2,833 |
6.6 |
1,182 |
7.5 |
4,658 |
6.0 |
2,743 |
12.5 |
2,805 |
9.0 |
3,451 |
9.3 |
1,206 |
More than one race |
7.0 |
1,015 |
6.3 |
259 |
6.0 |
110 |
5.8 |
64 |
8.0 |
213 |
6.0 |
117 |
10.8 |
99 |
9.2 |
110 |
8.7 |
43 |
Other race or race not reported |
8.1 |
217 |
6.7 |
41 |
6.0 |
13 |
D |
D |
8.7 |
59 |
6.5 |
28 |
D |
D |
9.3 |
23 |
D |
D |
Ethnicity not reported |
7.7 |
187 |
7.6 |
26 |
5.7 |
28 |
7.3 |
15 |
6.9 |
38 |
7.0 |
27 |
13.2 |
19 |
11.6 |
25 |
13.8 |
9 |
Years since entering doctoral programe |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All doctorate recipientsf |
5.7 |
48,919 |
5.7 |
11,504 |
5.7 |
5,662 |
5.7 |
3,552 |
6.0 |
7,884 |
5.3 |
8,392 |
6.0 |
4,534 |
7.0 |
4,858 |
5.3 |
2,533 |
Sex |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
5.7 |
26,503 |
5.7 |
5,161 |
5.7 |
3,875 |
5.7 |
2,701 |
5.9 |
3,303 |
5.3 |
6,471 |
5.9 |
1,386 |
6.9 |
2,331 |
5.1 |
1,275 |
Female |
5.7 |
22,415 |
5.7 |
6,343 |
5.4 |
1,787 |
5.7 |
851 |
6.0 |
4,581 |
5.3 |
1,921 |
6.0 |
3,148 |
7.0 |
2,527 |
5.7 |
1,257 |
Citizenship status |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. citizen or permanent resident |
5.9 |
33,331 |
5.7 |
8,258 |
5.7 |
3,482 |
5.7 |
1,628 |
6.0 |
6,223 |
5.3 |
3,880 |
6.0 |
3,987 |
7.0 |
4,169 |
5.7 |
1,704 |
Temporary visa holder |
5.3 |
15,299 |
5.3 |
3,182 |
5.4 |
2,151 |
5.3 |
1,906 |
5.7 |
1,611 |
5.0 |
4,464 |
5.3 |
520 |
6.7 |
652 |
5.0 |
813 |
Ethnicity and race (U.S. citizens and permanent residents) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hispanic or Latino |
6.0 |
2,346 |
5.7 |
620 |
5.7 |
168 |
5.7 |
87 |
6.3 |
513 |
5.3 |
259 |
6.5 |
296 |
7.3 |
293 |
6.0 |
110 |
Not Hispanic or Latino |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
American Indian or Alaska Native |
6.7 |
115 |
6.0 |
23 |
6.5 |
7 |
D |
D |
7.0 |
28 |
5.8 |
8 |
D |
D |
7.7 |
19 |
D |
D |
Asian |
5.7 |
2,928 |
5.7 |
878 |
5.7 |
291 |
5.8 |
206 |
6.0 |
402 |
5.5 |
602 |
6.6 |
194 |
7.3 |
176 |
5.7 |
179 |
Black or African American |
6.1 |
2,160 |
5.7 |
482 |
5.9 |
90 |
5.7 |
71 |
6.6 |
443 |
5.9 |
161 |
6.3 |
579 |
7.0 |
159 |
5.9 |
175 |
White |
5.7 |
24,393 |
5.7 |
5,930 |
5.7 |
2,779 |
5.7 |
1,171 |
6.0 |
4,539 |
5.3 |
2,680 |
6.0 |
2,753 |
7.0 |
3,368 |
5.3 |
1,173 |
More than one race |
5.8 |
986 |
5.7 |
254 |
5.7 |
106 |
5.0 |
63 |
6.0 |
206 |
5.6 |
115 |
5.9 |
94 |
7.0 |
108 |
5.6 |
40 |
Other race or race not reported |
6.1 |
213 |
6.0 |
44 |
5.5 |
14 |
D |
D |
6.0 |
56 |
5.5 |
28 |
D |
D |
7.9 |
20 |
D |
D |
Ethnicity not reported |
6.0 |
190 |
6.2 |
27 |
5.5 |
27 |
6.1 |
16 |
5.7 |
36 |
5.5 |
27 |
6.2 |
21 |
8.0 |
26 |
7.8 |
10 |