Table 35. Doctorate recipients' primary source of financial support, by broad field of study, sex, citizenship status, ethnicity, and race: 2016
(Percent)
Broad field of study and primary source of support |
Totala |
Sex |
Citizenship status |
U.S. citizens and permanent residents |
Hispanic or Latino |
Not Hispanic or Latino |
Ethnicity not reported |
Male |
Female |
U.S. citizen or permanent resident |
Temporary visa holder |
American Indian or Alaska Native |
Asian |
Black or African American |
White |
More than one race |
Other race or race not reported |
All fields (number) |
48,776 |
26,417 |
22,358 |
33,236 |
15,249 |
2,338 |
113 |
2,914 |
2,159 |
24,328 |
986 |
207 |
191 |
Teaching assistantships |
21.4 |
21.3 |
21.4 |
20.4 |
23.6 |
18.6 |
16.8 |
17.5 |
13.3 |
21.7 |
18.8 |
17.4 |
16.2 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
30.8 |
35.9 |
24.9 |
23.5 |
46.9 |
17.0 |
8.0 |
31.5 |
10.9 |
24.4 |
23.6 |
22.7 |
29.3 |
Fellowships or grants |
27.7 |
26.4 |
29.2 |
31.0 |
20.4 |
38.2 |
33.6 |
36.1 |
29.9 |
29.6 |
36.2 |
38.6 |
23.6 |
Own resources |
15.1 |
10.8 |
20.1 |
20.5 |
3.2 |
22.8 |
35.4 |
10.8 |
39.7 |
19.8 |
17.4 |
17.9 |
24.6 |
Employer |
3.2 |
3.2 |
3.1 |
4.4 |
0.4 |
3.2 |
5.3 |
3.8 |
6.0 |
4.5 |
3.7 |
2.9 |
6.3 |
Other |
1.9 |
2.3 |
1.3 |
0.2 |
5.5 |
0.2 |
0.9 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
Life sciences (number)b |
11,458 |
5,138 |
6,320 |
8,226 |
3,170 |
619 |
23 |
872 |
481 |
5,909 |
255 |
42 |
25 |
Teaching assistantships |
12.7 |
13.2 |
12.4 |
11.9 |
14.9 |
10.5 |
D |
9.9 |
7.1 |
12.8 |
9.8 |
D |
16.0 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
32.2 |
34.5 |
30.3 |
26.9 |
45.9 |
19.5 |
D |
31.0 |
14.8 |
28.1 |
26.7 |
D |
36.0 |
Fellowships or grants |
40.8 |
41.0 |
40.6 |
45.5 |
28.5 |
54.6 |
47.8 |
47.6 |
45.5 |
44.0 |
51.0 |
50.0 |
36.0 |
Own resources |
9.4 |
6.2 |
12.0 |
12.0 |
2.4 |
12.9 |
D |
7.5 |
29.5 |
11.3 |
9.4 |
D |
8.0 |
Employer |
2.7 |
2.3 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
0.6 |
2.3 |
D |
3.7 |
3.1 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
D |
4.0 |
Other |
2.3 |
2.9 |
1.8 |
0.2 |
7.8 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Physical sciences and earth sciences (number) |
5,651 |
3,871 |
1,780 |
3,477 |
2,144 |
167 |
D |
291 |
89 |
2,777 |
106 |
D |
26 |
Teaching assistantships |
23.5 |
23.1 |
24.2 |
20.9 |
27.8 |
D |
D |
21.6 |
36.0 |
20.3 |
D |
14.3 |
D |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
48.7 |
51.3 |
43.0 |
44.6 |
55.4 |
29.9 |
D |
40.9 |
16.9 |
46.7 |
41.5 |
D |
65.4 |
Fellowships or grants |
23.5 |
21.0 |
28.8 |
29.9 |
13.0 |
44.9 |
D |
30.2 |
D |
28.5 |
33.0 |
42.9 |
11.5 |
Own resources |
2.2 |
2.2 |
2.0 |
D |
D |
D |
0.0 |
4.5 |
D |
3.0 |
D |
0.0 |
11.5 |
Employer |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
D |
D |
0.0 |
0.0 |
2.4 |
D |
1.2 |
D |
D |
D |
Other |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
0.2 |
3.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Mathematics and computer sciences (number) |
3,540 |
2,691 |
849 |
1,625 |
1,894 |
87 |
D |
206 |
71 |
1,171 |
63 |
D |
14 |
Teaching assistantships |
36.3 |
35.1 |
39.9 |
36.2 |
36.2 |
35.6 |
D |
30.1 |
32.4 |
37.4 |
D |
41.7 |
28.6 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
36.8 |
38.4 |
31.8 |
26.8 |
45.7 |
21.8 |
0.0 |
33.0 |
14.1 |
26.4 |
33.3 |
33.3 |
28.6 |
Fellowships or grants |
16.6 |
16.2 |
17.9 |
22.0 |
12.0 |
25.3 |
0.0 |
22.8 |
26.8 |
21.3 |
25.4 |
16.7 |
14.3 |
Own resources |
5.8 |
5.5 |
6.6 |
10.5 |
1.7 |
9.2 |
0.0 |
7.8 |
D |
11.1 |
D |
D |
21.4 |
Employer |
2.2 |
2.4 |
1.8 |
4.5 |
0.3 |
8.0 |
0.0 |
6.3 |
D |
3.8 |
D |
0.0 |
7.1 |
Other |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.0 |
0.0 |
4.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Psychology and social sciences (number) |
7,858 |
3,290 |
4,568 |
6,204 |
1,603 |
511 |
27 |
400 |
444 |
4,526 |
206 |
54 |
36 |
Teaching assistantships |
29.8 |
32.9 |
27.6 |
27.1 |
40.3 |
22.9 |
D |
30.8 |
14.0 |
28.8 |
23.8 |
D |
22.2 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
16.2 |
14.5 |
17.5 |
16.2 |
16.0 |
10.8 |
D |
D |
8.1 |
17.5 |
17.5 |
7.4 |
16.7 |
Fellowships or grants |
26.8 |
28.9 |
25.3 |
25.8 |
30.8 |
31.3 |
22.2 |
32.5 |
27.9 |
23.9 |
31.6 |
38.9 |
27.8 |
Own resources |
23.9 |
19.8 |
26.9 |
D |
D |
32.9 |
40.7 |
16.8 |
45.7 |
27.2 |
24.3 |
27.8 |
D |
Employer |
2.0 |
2.1 |
1.9 |
D |
D |
1.8 |
0.0 |
D |
4.3 |
2.5 |
2.9 |
D |
D |
Other |
1.2 |
1.8 |
0.8 |
0.1 |
5.5 |
0.4 |
3.7 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Engineering (number) |
8,375 |
6,456 |
1,919 |
3,873 |
4,458 |
258 |
8 |
598 |
164 |
2,675 |
114 |
27 |
29 |
Teaching assistantships |
9.8 |
9.7 |
10.1 |
6.3 |
12.8 |
7.0 |
D |
6.9 |
10.4 |
5.8 |
D |
0.0 |
3.4 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
57.3 |
58.5 |
53.3 |
45.3 |
67.9 |
33.7 |
D |
49.2 |
26.2 |
46.8 |
38.6 |
D |
55.2 |
Fellowships or grants |
22.9 |
20.9 |
29.4 |
35.0 |
12.4 |
45.0 |
D |
33.6 |
41.5 |
34.1 |
36.0 |
D |
24.1 |
Own resources |
4.1 |
4.2 |
3.5 |
6.7 |
1.8 |
7.8 |
D |
5.2 |
11.0 |
6.6 |
D |
11.1 |
10.3 |
Employer |
3.2 |
3.6 |
1.8 |
6.4 |
0.4 |
6.2 |
D |
D |
11.0 |
6.3 |
9.6 |
3.7 |
6.9 |
Other |
2.7 |
3.0 |
1.8 |
0.4 |
4.8 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
D |
0.0 |
0.4 |
D |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Education (number) |
4,510 |
1,375 |
3,135 |
3,965 |
514 |
296 |
25 |
193 |
578 |
2,732 |
94 |
24 |
23 |
Teaching assistantships |
13.1 |
12.7 |
13.3 |
12.0 |
22.6 |
10.1 |
D |
16.1 |
7.8 |
12.9 |
D |
8.3 |
4.3 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
15.7 |
13.5 |
16.7 |
13.8 |
30.4 |
15.2 |
D |
24.4 |
9.2 |
14.0 |
D |
12.5 |
13.0 |
Fellowships or grants |
12.4 |
11.9 |
12.6 |
11.4 |
19.6 |
16.2 |
36.0 |
20.2 |
14.7 |
9.1 |
12.8 |
29.2 |
21.7 |
Own resources |
46.3 |
43.9 |
47.3 |
50.7 |
11.7 |
51.4 |
D |
30.6 |
59.3 |
50.2 |
54.3 |
D |
52.2 |
Employer |
10.7 |
14.8 |
8.9 |
11.9 |
1.2 |
7.1 |
D |
8.3 |
9.0 |
13.6 |
6.4 |
D |
8.7 |
Other |
1.9 |
3.1 |
1.3 |
0.2 |
14.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.5 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
1.1 |
4.2 |
0.0 |
Humanities and arts (number) |
4,863 |
2,330 |
2,533 |
4,171 |
655 |
293 |
19 |
176 |
159 |
3,368 |
108 |
20 |
28 |
Teaching assistantships |
39.9 |
38.8 |
40.9 |
40.0 |
39.4 |
36.9 |
D |
35.8 |
28.3 |
41.6 |
D |
25.0 |
35.7 |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1.7 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
0.0 |
D |
D |
1.7 |
D |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Fellowships or grants |
35.7 |
35.6 |
35.9 |
33.6 |
48.7 |
38.2 |
D |
39.8 |
D |
32.0 |
46.3 |
55.0 |
25.0 |
Own resources |
20.3 |
21.1 |
19.6 |
22.6 |
6.4 |
D |
47.4 |
19.9 |
25.8 |
22.4 |
22.2 |
20.0 |
D |
Employer |
1.7 |
2.2 |
1.3 |
2.0 |
0.0 |
D |
D |
D |
D |
2.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
D |
Other |
0.6 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
0.1 |
4.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
D |
D |
0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Other (number)c |
2,521 |
1,266 |
1,254 |
1,695 |
811 |
107 |
D |
178 |
173 |
1,170 |
40 |
D |
10 |
Teaching assistantships |
26.4 |
26.3 |
26.5 |
24.0 |
31.6 |
D |
0.0 |
23.6 |
16.8 |
25.4 |
20.0 |
14.3 |
D |
Research assistantships or traineeships |
17.5 |
17.6 |
17.4 |
14.6 |
23.6 |
14.0 |
D |
21.9 |
D |
14.8 |
17.5 |
35.7 |
10.0 |
Fellowships or grants |
23.8 |
25.4 |
22.2 |
21.2 |
29.2 |
21.5 |
D |
34.8 |
15.6 |
19.8 |
20.0 |
D |
20.0 |
Own resources |
25.8 |
22.3 |
29.4 |
33.6 |
9.5 |
34.6 |
D |
16.3 |
54.9 |
33.1 |
D |
21.4 |
50.0 |
Employer |
4.6 |
5.7 |
3.6 |
6.4 |
1.1 |
D |
0.0 |
3.4 |
D |
6.8 |
D |
0.0 |
D |
Other |
1.8 |
2.8 |
0.9 |
0.2 |
5.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
D |
0.2 |
D |
0.0 |
0.0 |