Table 50. Sources of support for doctorate recipients with postgraduation commitment for postdoctoral study, by sex, citizenship status, ethnicity, and race: Selected years, 1996–2016
Postgraduate study commitment and source of support |
Totala |
Sex |
Citizenship status |
U.S. citizens and permanent residents |
Hispanic or Latino |
Not Hispanic or Latino |
Ethnicity not reported |
Male |
Female |
U.S. citizen or permanent resident |
Temporary visa holder |
American Indian or Alaska Native |
Asian |
Black or African American |
White |
More than one race |
Other race or race not reported |
All postgraduate study commitments (number) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 |
7,668 |
4,985 |
2,682 |
5,516 |
2,150 |
185 |
20 |
948 |
133 |
4,174 |
na |
28 |
28 |
2001 |
7,809 |
4,608 |
3,201 |
5,533 |
2,269 |
248 |
17 |
513 |
243 |
4,332 |
59 |
54 |
67 |
2006 |
9,990 |
5,858 |
4,131 |
6,280 |
3,696 |
307 |
11 |
662 |
270 |
4,814 |
118 |
51 |
47 |
2011 |
11,853 |
6,724 |
5,129 |
7,595 |
4,192 |
477 |
19 |
706 |
338 |
5,725 |
190 |
58 |
82 |
2016 |
11,359 |
6,353 |
5,006 |
7,580 |
3,747 |
558 |
18 |
676 |
320 |
5,669 |
268 |
45 |
26 |
U.S. government (%)b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 |
35.6 |
35.3 |
36.2 |
41.5 |
20.6 |
41.6 |
40.0 |
37.3 |
22.6 |
42.9 |
na |
42.9 |
57.1 |
2001 |
31.8 |
32.7 |
30.4 |
37.4 |
18.1 |
41.1 |
41.2 |
35.9 |
27.6 |
38.1 |
39.0 |
38.9 |
20.9 |
2006 |
28.8 |
28.8 |
28.7 |
34.9 |
18.4 |
31.6 |
45.5 |
31.3 |
24.8 |
36.0 |
39.8 |
37.3 |
34.0 |
2011 |
32.4 |
31.8 |
33.2 |
38.7 |
21.1 |
36.9 |
D |
37.1 |
32.8 |
39.5 |
43.2 |
24.1 |
37.8 |
2016 |
29.4 |
29.3 |
29.5 |
34.4 |
19.3 |
33.5 |
27.8 |
35.8 |
32.8 |
34.6 |
30.6 |
15.6 |
53.8 |
College or university (%)b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 |
29.8 |
32.3 |
25.1 |
24.6 |
43.0 |
28.1 |
25.0 |
28.6 |
32.3 |
23.3 |
na |
35.7 |
17.9 |
2001 |
38.1 |
38.3 |
37.7 |
33.5 |
49.3 |
37.5 |
29.4 |
32.9 |
39.5 |
33.0 |
32.2 |
24.1 |
43.3 |
2006 |
47.6 |
49.2 |
45.4 |
41.3 |
58.4 |
43.3 |
36.4 |
42.3 |
44.1 |
41.0 |
41.5 |
33.3 |
31.9 |
2011 |
40.0 |
41.3 |
38.4 |
34.5 |
50.2 |
34.0 |
57.9 |
36.4 |
38.2 |
33.9 |
37.4 |
43.1 |
32.9 |
2016 |
44.5 |
45.8 |
42.7 |
39.9 |
53.9 |
38.7 |
38.9 |
37.9 |
43.1 |
40.1 |
39.6 |
53.3 |
19.2 |
Private foundation (%)b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 |
9.4 |
9.2 |
9.6 |
9.2 |
9.8 |
8.1 |
15.0 |
8.4 |
14.3 |
9.2 |
na |
3.6 |
7.1 |
2001 |
7.1 |
6.8 |
7.4 |
7.4 |
6.2 |
3.2 |
11.8 |
6.0 |
7.0 |
7.8 |
6.8 |
13.0 |
7.5 |
2006 |
4.9 |
4.3 |
5.6 |
5.6 |
3.7 |
4.6 |
9.1 |
5.7 |
6.7 |
5.6 |
5.9 |
3.9 |
8.5 |
2011 |
4.7 |
4.3 |
5.2 |
5.6 |
3.2 |
6.1 |
0.0 |
5.0 |
6.5 |
5.6 |
4.2 |
6.9 |
3.7 |
2016 |
4.3 |
3.9 |
4.7 |
4.7 |
3.2 |
4.3 |
0.0 |
4.0 |
3.4 |
4.9 |
6.3 |
8.9 |
3.8 |
Nonprofit, other than private foundation (%)b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 |
3.1 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
3.5 |
3.2 |
0.0 |
4.0 |
0.8 |
2.8 |
na |
0.0 |
0.0 |
2001 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
3.0 |
4.2 |
1.6 |
0.0 |
3.7 |
3.7 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
2006 |
2.7 |
2.2 |
3.4 |
2.7 |
2.8 |
3.6 |
0.0 |
2.7 |
4.8 |
2.5 |
2.5 |
3.9 |
2.1 |
2011 |
3.5 |
2.7 |
4.6 |
3.5 |
3.5 |
4.0 |
0.0 |
3.4 |
4.4 |
3.6 |
D |
0.0 |
2.4 |
2016 |
3.6 |
2.9 |
4.6 |
3.9 |
3.1 |
4.3 |
D |
2.5 |
D |
4.0 |
4.1 |
2.2 |
0.0 |
Other (%)b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 |
9.6 |
9.3 |
10.1 |
9.2 |
10.7 |
8.6 |
10.0 |
7.4 |
7.5 |
9.8 |
na |
7.1 |
3.6 |
2001 |
11.6 |
11.8 |
11.2 |
10.7 |
13.6 |
8.5 |
17.6 |
11.9 |
7.8 |
10.8 |
15.3 |
9.3 |
10.4 |
2006 |
8.4 |
8.3 |
8.4 |
7.7 |
9.4 |
6.5 |
9.1 |
8.2 |
7.4 |
7.9 |
5.9 |
5.9 |
6.4 |
2011 |
8.8 |
9.5 |
7.8 |
7.9 |
10.4 |
7.5 |
10.5 |
5.8 |
7.1 |
8.2 |
6.8 |
6.9 |
12.2 |
2016 |
9.1 |
9.1 |
9.2 |
8.5 |
10.5 |
9.3 |
D |
9.0 |
D |
8.5 |
8.6 |
6.7 |
11.5 |
Unknown (%)b |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1996 |
12.5 |
10.9 |
15.5 |
12.6 |
12.4 |
10.3 |
10.0 |
14.2 |
22.6 |
12.0 |
na |
10.7 |
14.3 |
2001 |
8.2 |
7.4 |
9.4 |
8.0 |
8.7 |
8.1 |
0.0 |
9.6 |
14.4 |
7.4 |
3.4 |
13.0 |
16.4 |
2006 |
7.7 |
7.1 |
8.4 |
7.8 |
7.4 |
10.4 |
0.0 |
9.8 |
12.2 |
7.0 |
4.2 |
15.7 |
17.0 |
2011 |
10.6 |
10.4 |
10.7 |
9.8 |
11.5 |
11.5 |
D |
12.3 |
10.9 |
9.2 |
D |
19.0 |
11.0 |
2016 |
9.1 |
9.0 |
9.4 |
8.7 |
9.9 |
9.9 |
22.2 |
10.8 |
10.9 |
8.0 |
10.8 |
13.3 |
11.5 |