Table 51. Definite postgraduation commitments of doctorate recipients, by citizenship status and major field of study: 2016
Citizenship status and major field of study |
All recipients |
Recipients with definite commitments |
Location of definite commitments |
United States |
Abroad |
Unknown |
Total |
Postdoctoral study |
Academic employment |
Industry employmenta |
Otherb |
All doctorate recipientsc |
54,904 |
29,300 |
26,514 |
10,209 |
7,268 |
5,639 |
3,398 |
2,740 |
46 |
Life sciences |
12,568 |
6,660 |
6,148 |
3,847 |
882 |
865 |
554 |
503 |
9 |
Agricultural sciences and natural resources |
1,385 |
710 |
591 |
264 |
119 |
130 |
78 |
D |
D |
Biological and biomedical sciences |
8,884 |
4,716 |
4,414 |
3,193 |
374 |
577 |
270 |
D |
D |
Health sciences |
2,299 |
1,234 |
1,143 |
390 |
389 |
158 |
206 |
D |
D |
Physical sciences and earth sciences |
6,252 |
3,466 |
3,088 |
1,824 |
253 |
831 |
180 |
D |
D |
Chemistry |
2,704 |
1,436 |
1,324 |
757 |
108 |
418 |
41 |
112 |
0 |
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences |
1,227 |
738 |
646 |
414 |
74 |
92 |
66 |
92 |
0 |
Physics and astronomy |
2,321 |
1,292 |
1,118 |
653 |
71 |
321 |
73 |
D |
D |
Mathematics and computer sciences |
3,957 |
2,330 |
2,089 |
610 |
437 |
916 |
126 |
237 |
4 |
Computer and information sciences |
2,085 |
1,212 |
1,112 |
220 |
201 |
616 |
75 |
97 |
3 |
Mathematics and statistics |
1,872 |
1,118 |
977 |
390 |
236 |
300 |
51 |
140 |
1 |
Psychology and social sciences |
9,078 |
5,175 |
4,586 |
1,740 |
1,543 |
544 |
759 |
579 |
10 |
Psychology |
3,946 |
2,297 |
2,210 |
1,232 |
411 |
247 |
320 |
84 |
3 |
Anthropology |
460 |
197 |
162 |
72 |
58 |
10 |
22 |
34 |
1 |
Economics |
1,238 |
857 |
623 |
87 |
258 |
147 |
131 |
232 |
2 |
Political science and government |
745 |
431 |
374 |
94 |
193 |
25 |
62 |
57 |
0 |
Sociology |
615 |
362 |
326 |
82 |
186 |
14 |
44 |
36 |
0 |
Other social sciences |
2,074 |
1,031 |
891 |
173 |
437 |
101 |
180 |
136 |
4 |
Engineering |
9,469 |
4,846 |
4,396 |
1,469 |
412 |
2,133 |
382 |
433 |
17 |
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering |
369 |
215 |
198 |
68 |
24 |
59 |
47 |
17 |
0 |
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering |
1,089 |
538 |
511 |
287 |
36 |
167 |
21 |
26 |
1 |
Chemical engineering |
923 |
485 |
440 |
161 |
14 |
248 |
17 |
44 |
1 |
Civil engineering |
565 |
278 |
245 |
91 |
40 |
85 |
29 |
31 |
2 |
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering |
1,827 |
929 |
860 |
186 |
56 |
537 |
81 |
66 |
3 |
Industrial and manufacturing engineering |
256 |
135 |
110 |
20 |
25 |
55 |
10 |
24 |
1 |
Materials science engineering |
985 |
474 |
436 |
184 |
23 |
202 |
27 |
34 |
4 |
Mechanical engineering |
1,299 |
662 |
606 |
199 |
60 |
291 |
56 |
54 |
2 |
Other engineering |
2,156 |
1,130 |
990 |
273 |
134 |
489 |
94 |
137 |
3 |
Education |
5,153 |
2,787 |
2,634 |
201 |
1,415 |
116 |
902 |
D |
D |
Education administration |
829 |
461 |
450 |
11 |
183 |
14 |
242 |
11 |
0 |
Education research |
2,386 |
1,303 |
1,228 |
127 |
672 |
74 |
355 |
D |
D |
Teacher education |
181 |
D |
D |
D |
48 |
D |
32 |
D |
0 |
Teaching fields |
1,167 |
649 |
596 |
41 |
366 |
16 |
173 |
53 |
0 |
Other education |
590 |
D |
D |
D |
146 |
D |
100 |
D |
0 |
Humanities and arts |
5,484 |
2,386 |
2,124 |
408 |
1,311 |
88 |
317 |
260 |
2 |
Foreign languages and literature |
599 |
263 |
235 |
37 |
173 |
D |
D |
28 |
0 |
History |
1,147 |
492 |
441 |
124 |
222 |
19 |
76 |
50 |
1 |
Letters |
1,533 |
699 |
648 |
102 |
463 |
D |
D |
51 |
0 |
Other humanities and arts |
2,205 |
932 |
800 |
145 |
453 |
44 |
158 |
131 |
1 |
Otherd |
2,943 |
1,650 |
1,449 |
110 |
1,015 |
146 |
178 |
199 |
2 |
Business management and administration |
1,510 |
923 |
789 |
24 |
613 |
90 |
62 |
132 |
2 |
Communication |
673 |
346 |
317 |
40 |
222 |
24 |
31 |
29 |
0 |
Non-S&E fields not elsewhere classified |
760 |
381 |
343 |
46 |
180 |
32 |
85 |
38 |
0 |
Unknown field |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
U.S. citizen or permanent resident |
35,719 |
20,443 |
19,634 |
7,062 |
6,093 |
3,327 |
3,152 |
792 |
17 |
Life sciences |
8,697 |
4,903 |
4,739 |
2,799 |
769 |
651 |
520 |
160 |
4 |
Agricultural sciences and natural resources |
773 |
452 |
435 |
167 |
98 |
96 |
74 |
17 |
0 |
Biological and biomedical sciences |
6,225 |
3,476 |
3,345 |
2,340 |
318 |
437 |
250 |
127 |
4 |
Health sciences |
1,699 |
975 |
959 |
292 |
353 |
118 |
196 |
16 |
0 |
Physical sciences and earth sciences |
3,666 |
2,210 |
2,055 |
1,134 |
197 |
556 |
168 |
D |
D |
Chemistry |
1,579 |
920 |
876 |
451 |
80 |
307 |
38 |
44 |
0 |
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences |
802 |
506 |
471 |
285 |
61 |
63 |
62 |
35 |
0 |
Physics and astronomy |
1,285 |
784 |
708 |
398 |
56 |
186 |
68 |
D |
D |
Mathematics and computer sciences |
1,730 |
1,082 |
1,016 |
282 |
291 |
344 |
99 |
66 |
0 |
Computer and information sciences |
783 |
496 |
479 |
79 |
125 |
222 |
53 |
17 |
0 |
Mathematics and statistics |
947 |
586 |
537 |
203 |
166 |
122 |
46 |
49 |
0 |
Psychology and social sciences |
6,830 |
4,169 |
4,013 |
1,566 |
1,307 |
438 |
702 |
152 |
4 |
Psychology |
3,371 |
2,123 |
2,086 |
1,155 |
379 |
239 |
313 |
35 |
2 |
Anthropology |
360 |
163 |
145 |
62 |
52 |
10 |
21 |
18 |
0 |
Economics |
521 |
402 |
380 |
D |
161 |
D |
94 |
22 |
0 |
Political science and government |
579 |
355 |
332 |
D |
169 |
D |
59 |
23 |
0 |
Sociology |
508 |
313 |
304 |
D |
174 |
D |
44 |
9 |
0 |
Other social sciences |
1,491 |
813 |
766 |
142 |
372 |
81 |
171 |
45 |
2 |
Engineering |
4,181 |
2,374 |
2,285 |
681 |
254 |
1,029 |
321 |
85 |
4 |
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering |
233 |
146 |
D |
D |
D |
41 |
45 |
D |
0 |
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering |
746 |
386 |
371 |
194 |
29 |
131 |
17 |
15 |
0 |
Chemical engineering |
470 |
277 |
263 |
D |
D |
155 |
16 |
14 |
0 |
Civil engineering |
219 |
130 |
125 |
33 |
29 |
39 |
24 |
D |
D |
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering |
547 |
330 |
321 |
49 |
30 |
178 |
64 |
9 |
0 |
Industrial and manufacturing engineering |
82 |
45 |
D |
D |
7 |
21 |
7 |
D |
0 |
Materials science engineering |
456 |
238 |
231 |
77 |
14 |
116 |
24 |
7 |
0 |
Mechanical engineering |
585 |
340 |
329 |
84 |
37 |
162 |
46 |
D |
D |
Other engineering |
843 |
482 |
462 |
120 |
78 |
186 |
78 |
D |
D |
Education |
4,303 |
2,521 |
2,495 |
170 |
1,338 |
108 |
879 |
D |
D |
Education administration |
730 |
450 |
D |
11 |
183 |
14 |
D |
D |
0 |
Education research |
1,981 |
1,168 |
1,154 |
D |
634 |
D |
343 |
D |
D |
Teacher education |
159 |
85 |
85 |
D |
D |
D |
32 |
0 |
0 |
Teaching fields |
949 |
561 |
554 |
32 |
339 |
D |
D |
7 |
0 |
Other education |
484 |
257 |
D |
15 |
D |
D |
96 |
D |
0 |
Humanities and arts |
4,447 |
2,056 |
1,940 |
348 |
1,203 |
D |
D |
114 |
2 |
Foreign languages and literature |
399 |
191 |
181 |
32 |
126 |
D |
D |
10 |
0 |
History |
949 |
423 |
407 |
102 |
213 |
19 |
73 |
15 |
1 |
Letters |
1,314 |
640 |
622 |
D |
441 |
D |
60 |
18 |
0 |
Other humanities and arts |
1,785 |
802 |
730 |
D |
423 |
D |
151 |
71 |
1 |
Otherd |
1,865 |
1,128 |
1,091 |
82 |
734 |
D |
D |
36 |
1 |
Business management and administration |
845 |
558 |
537 |
16 |
407 |
63 |
51 |
20 |
1 |
Communication |
472 |
266 |
261 |
32 |
178 |
D |
D |
5 |
0 |
Non-S&E fields not elsewhere classified |
548 |
304 |
293 |
34 |
149 |
D |
D |
11 |
0 |
Unknown field |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
Temporary visa holder |
16,498 |
8,766 |
6,805 |
3,121 |
1,160 |
2,289 |
235 |
1,938 |
23 |
Life sciences |
3,362 |
1,742 |
1,396 |
1,040 |
111 |
212 |
33 |
342 |
4 |
Agricultural sciences and natural resources |
564 |
253 |
152 |
96 |
19 |
34 |
3 |
D |
D |
Biological and biomedical sciences |
2,311 |
1,232 |
1,062 |
847 |
56 |
139 |
20 |
D |
D |
Health sciences |
487 |
257 |
182 |
97 |
36 |
39 |
10 |
D |
D |
Physical sciences and earth sciences |
2,313 |
1,242 |
1,021 |
684 |
56 |
269 |
12 |
221 |
0 |
Chemistry |
1,000 |
511 |
444 |
304 |
28 |
109 |
3 |
67 |
0 |
Geosciences, atmospheric, and ocean sciences |
390 |
230 |
173 |
127 |
13 |
29 |
4 |
57 |
0 |
Physics and astronomy |
923 |
501 |
404 |
253 |
15 |
131 |
5 |
97 |
0 |
Mathematics and computer sciences |
2,054 |
1,239 |
1,066 |
326 |
146 |
567 |
27 |
171 |
2 |
Computer and information sciences |
1,204 |
711 |
629 |
139 |
76 |
392 |
22 |
80 |
2 |
Mathematics and statistics |
850 |
528 |
437 |
187 |
70 |
175 |
5 |
91 |
0 |
Psychology and social sciences |
1,756 |
990 |
560 |
169 |
235 |
103 |
53 |
426 |
4 |
Psychology |
306 |
167 |
118 |
73 |
32 |
8 |
5 |
49 |
0 |
Anthropology |
76 |
32 |
16 |
9 |
6 |
0 |
1 |
16 |
0 |
Economics |
658 |
450 |
238 |
D |
96 |
D |
36 |
210 |
2 |
Political science and government |
128 |
75 |
42 |
D |
24 |
D |
3 |
33 |
0 |
Sociology |
89 |
49 |
22 |
D |
12 |
D |
0 |
27 |
0 |
Other social sciences |
499 |
217 |
124 |
31 |
65 |
20 |
8 |
91 |
2 |
Engineering |
4,848 |
2,452 |
2,093 |
785 |
156 |
1,097 |
55 |
347 |
12 |
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering |
119 |
69 |
D |
D |
D |
18 |
2 |
D |
0 |
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering |
300 |
150 |
139 |
93 |
7 |
36 |
3 |
11 |
0 |
Chemical engineering |
403 |
207 |
176 |
D |
D |
92 |
1 |
30 |
1 |
Civil engineering |
308 |
145 |
117 |
57 |
11 |
44 |
5 |
D |
D |
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering |
1,164 |
597 |
537 |
137 |
26 |
358 |
16 |
57 |
3 |
Industrial and manufacturing engineering |
164 |
89 |
D |
D |
18 |
34 |
3 |
D |
1 |
Materials science engineering |
496 |
235 |
204 |
107 |
9 |
85 |
3 |
27 |
4 |
Mechanical engineering |
652 |
319 |
274 |
115 |
22 |
129 |
8 |
D |
D |
Other engineering |
1,242 |
641 |
522 |
152 |
55 |
301 |
14 |
D |
D |
Education |
563 |
262 |
136 |
30 |
75 |
8 |
23 |
126 |
0 |
Education administration |
32 |
11 |
D |
0 |
0 |
0 |
D |
D |
0 |
Education research |
280 |
132 |
72 |
D |
37 |
D |
12 |
60 |
0 |
Teacher education |
13 |
D |
D |
0 |
D |
0 |
0 |
D |
0 |
Teaching fields |
181 |
88 |
42 |
9 |
27 |
D |
D |
46 |
0 |
Other education |
57 |
D |
18 |
D |
D |
D |
4 |
8 |
0 |
Humanities and arts |
712 |
320 |
177 |
59 |
102 |
D |
D |
143 |
0 |
Foreign languages and literature |
164 |
70 |
52 |
5 |
45 |
0 |
2 |
18 |
0 |
History |
142 |
67 |
33 |
21 |
9 |
0 |
3 |
34 |
0 |
Letters |
126 |
57 |
24 |
D |
20 |
0 |
D |
33 |
0 |
Other humanities and arts |
280 |
126 |
68 |
D |
28 |
D |
7 |
58 |
0 |
Otherd |
890 |
519 |
356 |
28 |
279 |
D |
D |
162 |
1 |
Business management and administration |
553 |
363 |
251 |
8 |
205 |
27 |
11 |
111 |
1 |
Communication |
160 |
80 |
56 |
8 |
44 |
D |
D |
24 |
0 |
Non-S&E fields not elsewhere classified |
177 |
76 |
49 |
12 |
30 |
D |
D |
27 |
0 |
Unknown field |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |