Table 64. Statistical profile of doctorate recipients in engineering fields, by sex and field of study: 2016
Characteristic |
All engineering fields |
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering |
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering |
Chemical engineering |
Civil engineering |
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering |
Industrial and manufacturing engineering |
Materials science engineering |
Mechanical engineering |
Other engineering |
All doctorate recipients (number)a |
9,469 |
369 |
1,089 |
923 |
565 |
1,827 |
256 |
985 |
1,299 |
2,156 |
Sex (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male |
76.9 |
84.8 |
63.1 |
67.8 |
77.5 |
83.9 |
72.3 |
73.4 |
84.4 |
77.7 |
Female |
23.1 |
15.2 |
36.9 |
32.2 |
22.5 |
16.1 |
27.7 |
26.6 |
15.6 |
22.3 |
Unknown |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Citizenship (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. citizen or permanent resident |
44.2 |
63.1 |
68.5 |
50.9 |
38.8 |
29.9 |
32.0 |
46.3 |
45.0 |
39.1 |
Temporary visa holder |
51.2 |
32.2 |
27.5 |
43.7 |
54.5 |
63.7 |
64.1 |
50.4 |
50.2 |
57.6 |
Unknown |
4.6 |
4.6 |
3.9 |
5.4 |
6.7 |
6.3 |
3.9 |
3.4 |
4.8 |
3.3 |
Marital status (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Never married |
38.3 |
40.1 |
42.6 |
46.7 |
31.0 |
36.7 |
31.3 |
42.7 |
36.2 |
35.7 |
Married |
41.5 |
36.3 |
36.7 |
32.5 |
48.0 |
41.7 |
50.8 |
36.1 |
42.0 |
47.6 |
Marriage-like relationship |
6.6 |
7.3 |
9.3 |
7.7 |
3.9 |
5.3 |
D |
D |
5.6 |
6.3 |
Separated, divorced, widowed |
1.3 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
0.7 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
D |
D |
1.2 |
2.0 |
Unknown |
12.3 |
14.4 |
9.6 |
12.5 |
16.1 |
15.3 |
12.5 |
11.9 |
14.9 |
8.3 |
Bachelor's in same field as doctorate (%)b |
75.9 |
75.1 |
73.8 |
83.4 |
77.3 |
79.0 |
69.5 |
65.2 |
82.4 |
72.7 |
Master's earned (%) |
69.7 |
79.7 |
51.3 |
47.2 |
83.2 |
74.5 |
79.3 |
58.7 |
73.5 |
81.1 |
Age at doctorate (median years) |
30.0 |
29.8 |
29.2 |
28.7 |
31.3 |
30.5 |
31.3 |
29.1 |
30.0 |
30.7 |
Time to doctorate (median years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From bachelor's |
7.3 |
7.3 |
6.7 |
6.1 |
8.2 |
7.8 |
8.3 |
6.4 |
7.3 |
8.0 |
From graduate school start |
6.5 |
6.7 |
6.0 |
5.7 |
7.0 |
7.0 |
7.1 |
5.7 |
6.6 |
7.0 |
From doctoral program startc |
5.3 |
5.6 |
5.4 |
5.0 |
4.9 |
5.3 |
5.0 |
5.1 |
5.3 |
5.2 |
Male doctorate recipients (number) |
7,277 |
313 |
687 |
626 |
438 |
1,532 |
185 |
723 |
1,097 |
1,676 |
Citizenship (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. citizen or permanent resident |
43.4 |
63.3 |
68.0 |
53.2 |
36.1 |
30.4 |
33.0 |
46.9 |
44.3 |
38.8 |
Temporary visa holder |
52.1 |
31.6 |
27.8 |
41.5 |
57.8 |
63.6 |
62.7 |
49.9 |
51.4 |
57.9 |
Unknown |
4.5 |
5.1 |
4.2 |
5.3 |
6.2 |
6.1 |
4.3 |
3.2 |
4.3 |
3.3 |
Marital status (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Never married |
38.3 |
40.9 |
43.1 |
47.8 |
30.8 |
37.1 |
34.1 |
43.6 |
36.1 |
35.0 |
Married |
42.1 |
35.8 |
36.8 |
32.1 |
49.8 |
41.9 |
45.9 |
36.5 |
43.3 |
48.7 |
Marriage-like relationship |
6.4 |
D |
8.7 |
8.1 |
D |
5.4 |
4.3 |
D |
D |
6.3 |
Separated, divorced, widowed |
1.1 |
D |
1.6 |
D |
D |
0.7 |
D |
D |
D |
1.8 |
Unknown |
12.1 |
13.7 |
9.8 |
D |
15.1 |
14.9 |
D |
11.3 |
14.3 |
8.2 |
Bachelor's in same field as doctorate (%)b |
77.1 |
76.4 |
73.7 |
84.2 |
79.7 |
80.0 |
68.1 |
65.3 |
83.5 |
74.5 |
Master's earned (%) |
70.6 |
79.2 |
52.5 |
46.5 |
84.0 |
74.9 |
75.1 |
57.8 |
73.8 |
80.7 |
Age at doctorate (median years) |
30.2 |
29.9 |
29.6 |
28.9 |
31.7 |
30.5 |
31.3 |
29.2 |
30.1 |
30.8 |
Time to doctorate (median years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From bachelor's |
7.4 |
7.1 |
7.0 |
6.2 |
8.3 |
7.8 |
8.3 |
6.4 |
7.3 |
8.1 |
From graduate school start |
6.7 |
6.6 |
6.2 |
5.6 |
7.2 |
6.9 |
7.0 |
5.8 |
6.7 |
7.0 |
From doctoral program startc |
5.3 |
5.6 |
5.5 |
5.0 |
4.7 |
5.3 |
5.2 |
5.0 |
5.3 |
5.2 |
Female doctorate recipients (number) |
2,192 |
56 |
402 |
297 |
127 |
295 |
71 |
262 |
202 |
480 |
Citizenship (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U.S. citizen or permanent resident |
46.7 |
62.5 |
69.4 |
46.1 |
48.0 |
27.8 |
29.6 |
44.7 |
49.0 |
40.2 |
Temporary visa holder |
48.3 |
35.7 |
27.1 |
48.1 |
43.3 |
64.4 |
67.6 |
51.5 |
43.6 |
56.5 |
Unknown |
5.0 |
1.8 |
3.5 |
5.7 |
8.7 |
7.8 |
2.8 |
3.8 |
7.4 |
3.3 |
Marital status (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Never married |
38.5 |
35.7 |
41.8 |
44.4 |
31.5 |
34.9 |
23.9 |
40.5 |
36.6 |
38.1 |
Married |
39.2 |
39.3 |
36.6 |
33.3 |
41.7 |
40.7 |
63.4 |
35.1 |
35.1 |
43.8 |
Marriage-like relationship |
7.3 |
D |
10.2 |
6.7 |
D |
4.7 |
D |
D |
D |
6.5 |
Separated, divorced, widowed |
2.0 |
D |
2.0 |
D |
D |
2.7 |
0.0 |
D |
D |
2.9 |
Unknown |
13.1 |
17.9 |
9.5 |
D |
19.7 |
16.9 |
D |
13.4 |
18.3 |
8.8 |
Bachelor's in same field as doctorate (%)b |
72.1 |
67.9 |
74.1 |
81.8 |
69.3 |
74.2 |
73.2 |
64.9 |
76.2 |
66.5 |
Master's earned (%) |
67.0 |
82.1 |
49.3 |
48.8 |
80.3 |
72.2 |
90.1 |
61.1 |
71.8 |
82.5 |
Age at doctorate (median years) |
29.4 |
29.6 |
28.7 |
28.6 |
30.7 |
30.0 |
31.2 |
28.9 |
29.5 |
30.2 |
Time to doctorate (median years) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
From bachelor's |
7.0 |
7.5 |
6.3 |
6.0 |
8.2 |
7.4 |
8.8 |
6.3 |
7.2 |
7.7 |
From graduate school start |
6.3 |
7.0 |
5.8 |
5.7 |
6.8 |
7.0 |
7.2 |
5.7 |
6.3 |
6.9 |
From doctoral program startc |
5.3 |
5.5 |
5.3 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
5.3 |
5.0 |
5.2 |
5.3 |
5.1 |