Permissions

Reports and other products from the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) within the National Science Foundation (NSF) are works of the U.S. federal government. You may freely use material from NCSES, including data and individual tables and figures, unless a copyright is specifically noted. A specific suggested citation typically will be provided within NCSES reports. If the suggested citation is not available to you or the content does not have one, our general citation is as follows:

National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES). Year of product. Title of product. Publication number, if available. Alexandria, VA: National Science Foundation. Available at [URL of product].

We also appreciate being notified (ncsesweb@nsf.gov) when work that cites NCSES data is published.

If copyrighted material is included on an NCSES Web page or in an NCSES report, it will be specifically noted. It is the policy of NSF to use externally produced material (graphics, text, etc.) only with permission of the copyright holder. For more information on NSF policy on copyright and reuse of graphics and text, please see https://www.nsf.gov/policies/reuse.jsp.