Report Table of Contents
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Front Matter
Overview of the State of the U.S. S&E Enterprise in a Global Context
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Introduction
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Workers with S&E Skills
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R&D Expenditures and R&D Intensity
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Research Publications
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Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation
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Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Economic Activity
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Summary and Conclusion
- Glossary
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References
- Notes
Chapter 1. Elementary and Secondary Mathematics and Science Education
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- Highlights
- Introduction
- Student Learning in Mathematics and Science
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High School Coursetaking in Mathematics and Science
- Highest Mathematics Courses Taken by High School Completers
- Science Coursetaking by High School Completers
- Computer Science and Technology Coursetaking
- Participation and Performance in the Advanced Placement Program
- Demographic Differences in Access to Advanced Mathematics and Science Courses: Civil Rights Data
- Teachers of Mathematics and Science
- Instructional Technology and Digital Learning
- Transition to Higher Education
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Conclusion
- Glossary
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References
- Notes
- Appendix Tables
Chapter 2. Higher Education in Science and Engineering
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- Highlights
- Introduction
- The U.S. Higher Education System
- Undergraduate Education, Enrollment, and Degrees in the United States
- Graduate Education, Enrollment, and Degrees in the United States
- International S&E Higher Education
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Conclusion
- Glossary
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References
- Notes
- Appendix Tables
Chapter 3. Science and Engineering Labor Force
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- Highlights
- Introduction
- U.S. S&E Workforce: Definition, Size, and Growth
- S&E Workers in the Economy
- S&E Labor Market Conditions
- Age and Retirement of the S&E Workforce
- Women and Minorities in the S&E Workforce
- Immigration and the S&E Workforce
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Global S&E Labor Force
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Conclusion
- Glossary
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References
- Notes
- Appendix Tables
Chapter 4. Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons
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- Highlights
- Introduction
- Recent Trends in U.S. R&D Performance
- Cross-National Comparisons of R&D Performance
- U.S. Business R&D
- Recent Trends in Federal Support for U.S. R&D
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Conclusion
- Glossary
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References
- Notes
- Appendix Tables
Chapter 5. Academic Research and Development
Chapter 6. Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace
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- Highlights
- Introduction
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Patterns and Trends of Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Industries
- Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Industries in the Global Economy
- Global Trends in Public Knowledge-Intensive Services Industries
- Global Trends in Commercial Knowledge-Intensive Services Industries
- Global Trends in High-Technology Manufacturing Industries
- Global Trends in Medium-High-Technology Industries
- Industries That Are Not Knowledge or Technology Intensive
- Global Trends in Trade of Knowledge- and Technology-Intensive Products and Services
- Global Trends in Sustainable Energy Research and Technologies
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Conclusion
- Glossary
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References
- Notes
- Appendix Tables
Chapter 7. Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding
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- Highlights
- Introduction
- Interest, Information Sources, and Involvement
- Public Knowledge about S&T
- Public Attitudes about S&T in General
- Public Attitudes about Specific S&T-Related Issues
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Conclusion
- Glossary
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References
- Notes
- Appendix Tables
Chapter 8. Invention, Knowledge Transfer, and Innovation
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Highlights
- Innovation Occurs in an Interconnected System with S&E as a Key Component
- Inventions and the Rate of Their Discovery Are Essential Features of a National Innovation System
- Knowledge Transfer Is an Essential Capacity of the National Innovation System
- Venture Capital Investment Supports the Commercialization of Emerging Technologies
- Federal Policies and Programs Have Been Implemented over the Past Several Decades to Reduce Characteristic Barriers to Innovation
- Innovation Takes Place in Manufacturing, Services, and Other Industries
- Economic Impacts of Innovation Are Indirectly Measured, and Show Slowing Growth
- Introduction
- Invention: United States and Comparative Global Trends
- Knowledge Transfer
- Innovation Indicators: United States and Other Major Economies
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Conclusion
- Glossary
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References
- Notes
- Appendix Tables